CRIMPING PROCESS ( RJ 45 Connector )

A crimping tool is a tool designed to crimp or connect a connector to the end of a cable. For example, network cables and phone cables are created using a crimping tool to connect the RJ-45 and RJ-11 connectors to the end of the cable. In the below example picture, this crimper is capable of crimping a RJ-11 (6-Pin) and RJ-45 (8-Pin) connectors and also includes a wire cutter near the handles that can be used to cut phone or CAT5 cable. To use this crimping tool, each wire is first placed into the connector. Once all the wires are in the jack, the connectors with wires are placed into the crimping tool, and the handles are squeezed together. Crimping makes the plastic connector puncture and hold each of the wires, which prevents the wires from falling out and for data to be transmitted from the connector to each of the wires.

TIA/EIA Twisted Pair Categories

CAT3:

ØContains four wire pairs

ØProvides 10 Mbps throughput and 16 MHz bandwidth

ØLimits segment length to 100 m (330 ft)

ØWidely used in VoIP networks

CAT4:

ØProvides 10 Mbps throughput and 20 MHz bandwidth

ØCarries better interference protection than CAT3
Both are replaced by newer UTP categories

CAT5:

ØContains four wire pairs

ØProvides 100 Mbps throughput and 100 MHz bandwidth

ØLimits the length of each segment to 100 m (330 ft)

ØConnects to a NIC via an RJ-45 connector

ØUses 118 twists per meter (3 per inch) on average

ØWas produced in large quantities – still widely available

ØInexpensive, effective, popular

CAT5e:

ØA version of CAT 5 cable with high-quality copper

ØContains four wire pairs

ØHas higher twist ratios

ØIncorporates better cross-talk reduction methods

ØProvides 350 MHz bandwidth

ØAllows 350/100 m segments at 100/1000 Mbps

ØInexpensive – widely used within 1 Gbps networks

CAT6:

ØContains four wire pairs, each wrapped in foil insulation

ØAdditional insulation covers the bundle of four pairs

ØCarries fire-resistant plastic sheath on the outside

ØResistant to crosstalk

Ø250 MHz bandwidth provides up to 10 Gbps throughput

ØAllows 100 m (300 ft) long or 37 m (120 ft) long segments (for up to 1 Gbps or 10 Gbps, respectively)

ØUses newer GG-45 connectors

ØWidely used in modern 1 Gbps networks

CAT6e:

ØA higher-grade version of CAT6 cable

ØFurther reduces attenuation and crosstalk

ØAllows longer segment lengths – up to 100 m at 10 Gbps

ØProvides 550 MHz bandwidth

ØRequires GG-45 connectors

ØDe Facto standard on modern networks

CAT7:

ØContains increased amount of shielding

ØLarger, heavier, less flexible

ØHas 600 MHz bandwidth

ØProvides 10 Gbps throughput on up to 100 m (330 ft) segment length, with large margin

ØRequires GG-45 connectors

ØDe Facto standard on modern backbone networks

CAT7a:

ØIn theory – 1 GHz, 40/100 Gbps at up to 50/15 m

ØCurrently under development